If any of the following are present or suspected, please refer the patient to the emergency department (via ambulance if necessary) or follow local emergency care protocols or seek emergent medical advice if in a remote region.
- Suspected strangulated/incarcerated or obstruction of any hernia
- Acute, severe abdominal pain with or without associated sepsis
- New onset of obstructive jaundice
- Acute painful perianal conditions
- Acute cholecystitis
- Gallstones with symptoms of cholangitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Bowel obstruction
- Severe per rectum bleeding
- Acute abscess at any site
- Acute testicular pain